What is the function of cache memory?

Cache memory serves a vital role in enhancing the speed and efficiency of data processing in a computer system. Its primary function is to temporarily store frequently accessed data and instructions that the CPU uses. This proximity allows the processor to retrieve needed information much faster than if it had to fetch it from the main memory (RAM) each time, as cache memory is built using faster memory types, typically SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).

By storing this frequently accessed data closer to the CPU, cache memory significantly reduces latency, leading to improved overall system performance. When the CPU can quickly access data from cache, it can execute tasks more efficiently, which is crucial in high-performance computing scenarios.

The other options refer to different functions that do not accurately describe the purpose of cache memory. Permanent storage of user data pertains to hard drives or SSDs, calculation and processing tasks are undertaken by the CPU itself, and encryption of sensitive information typically occurs in secure storage solutions, not specifically in the realm of cache memory.