What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

RAM, or Random Access Memory, is classified as volatile memory, meaning it requires power to maintain the stored information. When the power is turned off, any data held in RAM is lost. This memory type is primarily used for temporary storage to hold data and instructions that the CPU needs while performing tasks. For instance, when you run applications or open files, they are loaded into RAM for quick access by the processor, which allows for faster performance while the system is on.

On the other hand, ROM, or Read-Only Memory, is non-volatile, which means it retains its contents even when the power is switched off. ROM is used primarily to store firmware or the basic code that is necessary for the computer to boot and operate properly. This makes ROM essential for storing system startup instructions that are required to initialize the hardware components.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for grasping how computers handle data storage and processing tasks. Knowing that RAM is transient and affects performance during operation while ROM is stable and boots the system helps clarify the roles these types of memory play in computing.